What is an Anal Fistula?

An anal fistula is a small tunnel that forms between the end of the bowel (anal canal) and the skin near the anus. It usually develops after an anal abscess (a collection of pus) has drained, either on its own or surgically.

Causes of Anal Fistula

• Chronic anal abscess
• Crohn’s disease (inflammatory bowel disease)
• Tuberculosis infection
• Radiation therapy
• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• Trauma or injury to the anal region

Symptoms of Anal Fistula

• Persistent pain or discomfort around the anus
• Swelling and redness near the anus
• Discharge of pus or blood from a hole near the anus
• Irritation or itching around the anal region
• Fever and fatigue (if infection is present)

Treatment for Anal Fistula

• Fistulotomy: The most common and effective treatment; involves cutting open the fistula tract to allow it to heal from the inside out.
• Seton Placement: A surgical thread is placed in the fistula to help drain infection and slowly cut through the tract over time.
• Laser Fistula Treatment (FiLaC): A minimally invasive laser procedure to close the fistula tract with minimal tissue damage and faster healing.
• Video-Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment (VAAFT): Endoscopic technique that allows the fistula tract to be visualized and treated internally.
• LIFT Procedure (Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract): A sphincter-preserving surgery that closes the internal opening of the fistula.
• Fibrin Glue or Collagen Plug: Non-surgical options where the tract is filled with a sealing substance; less effective for complex fistulas.

Prevention Tips

• Treat anal abscesses promptly
• Maintain good hygiene in the anal area
• Manage inflammatory bowel diseases properly
• Avoid unprotected anal intercourse with unknown partners
• Seek medical attention for persistent anal pain or swelling