What is an Anal Fissure?

An anal fissure is a small tear or cut in the lining of the anus that can cause pain and bleeding during or after bowel movements. It is a common and often painful condition, but it is usually not serious and can heal with proper treatment.

Causes of Anal Fissure

• Passing hard or large stools
• Chronic constipation or diarrhea
• Straining during bowel movements
• Childbirth trauma
• Anal intercourse
• Underlying medical conditions like Crohn’s disease or infections

Symptoms of Anal Fissure

• Sharp pain during or after bowel movements
• Bright red blood on the stool or toilet paper
• A visible tear or crack in the anal skin
• Itching or irritation around the anus
• A small lump or skin tag near the tear

Treatment for Anal Fissure

• Conservative/Home Remedies:
  • High-fiber diet (fruits, vegetables, whole grains)
  • Drink plenty of water to soften stools
  • Sitz baths (warm water soaking 2–3 times a day)
  • Topical anesthetics and soothing creams
• Medical Treatments:
  • Topical nitroglycerin to relax the sphincter
  • Calcium channel blockers (e.g., diltiazem ointment)
  • Botox injections to reduce muscle spasms and promote healing
• Surgical Treatments:
  • Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy (LIS): The most effective surgery, involving a small cut in the anal sphincter to reduce pressure and allow healing
  • Fissurectomy: Surgical removal of the fissure and any associated scar tissue in chronic cases

Prevention Tips

• Eat a fiber-rich diet
• Avoid straining during bowel movements
• Stay well-hydrated
• Exercise regularly to prevent constipation
• Use the toilet promptly when the urge arises